What is pH?
pH stands for "potential of hydrogen". It is a logarithmic scale measuring the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions from 0 to 14.
Core Formulas
• $\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[\text{H}^+]$
• $\text{pOH} = -\log_{10}[\text{OH}^-]$
• $\text{pH} + \text{pOH} = 14$
Classification Rules
• Acidic: pH < 7
• Neutral: pH = 7
• Basic: pH > 7
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